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- Economy
-
- Overview: A landlocked country, Malawi ranks among the world's
- least developed with a per capita GDP of $180. The economy
- is predominately agricultural and operates under a relatively
- free enterprise environment, with about 90% of the population
- living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP
- and 90% of export revenues. After two years of weak performance,
- economic growth improved significantly in 1988 as a result
- of good weather and a broadly based economic adjustment
- effort by the government. The closure of traditional trade
- routes through Mozambique continues to be a constraint on
- the economy.
-
- GDP: $1.4 billion, per capita $180; growth rate 3.6% (1988).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 31.5% (1988).
-
- Unemployment rate: NA%.
-
- Budget: revenues $246 million; expenditures $390 million,
- including capital expenditures of $97 million (FY88 est.).
-
- Exports: $292 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--tobacco,
- tea, sugar, coffee, peanuts; partners--US, UK, Zambia, South
- Africa, FRG.
-
- Imports: $402 million (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--food,
- petroleum, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation
- equipment; partners--South Africa, Japan, US, UK, Zimbabwe.
-
- External debt: $1.4 billion (December 1989 est.).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 6.4% (1988).
-
- Electricity: 181,000 kW capacity; 535 million kWh produced,
- 60 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar),
- sawmilling, cement, consumer goods.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; cash crops--tobacco,
- sugarcane, cotton, tea, and corn; subsistence crops--potatoes,
- cassava, sorghum, pulses; livestock--cattle and goats.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $182 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $1.8 billion.
-
- Currency: Malawian kwacha (plural--kwacha); 1 Malawian kwacha
- (MK) = 100 tambala.
-
- Exchange rates: Malawian kwacha (MK) per US$1--2.6793 (January
- 1990), 2.7595 (1989), 2.5613 (1988), 2.2087 (1987), 1.8611
- (1986), 1.7191 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March.
-